Although they remain common throughout much of their range, fragmentation of habitat and loss of large trees suitable for nesting has caused population decline in Victoria and South Australia. They nest in large hollows high in old growth native trees (~ greater than 200 years old), generally Eucalyptus regnans. The yellow-tailed black cockatoo's diet primarily includes seeds of native and introduced plants while also feeding on wood-boring grubs. Birds of subspecies funereus (Queensland to eastern Victoria) have longer wings and tails and darker plumage overall, while those of xanthanotus (western Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania) have more prominent scalloping. Two subspecies are recognised, although Tasmanian and southern mainland populations of the southern subspecies xanthanotus may be distinct enough from each other to bring the total to three. The yellow-tailed black cockatoo is found in temperate forests and forested areas across south and central eastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia, including a very small population persisting in the Eyre Peninsula. The whiteae is found south of Victoria to the East of South Australia and is smaller in size. Their loud, wailing calls carry for long distances. In flight, yellow-tailed black cockatoos flap deeply and slowly, with a peculiar heavy fluid motion. The adult male has a black beak and pinkish-red eye-rings, and the female has a bone-coloured beak and grey eye-rings. The body feathers are edged with yellow giving a scalloped appearance. Its plumage is mostly brownish black and it has prominent yellow cheek patches and a yellow tail band. It has a short crest on the top of its head. The yellow-tailed black cockatoo ( Zanda funerea) is a large cockatoo native to the south-east of Australia measuring 55–65 cm (22–26 in) in length.
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